Method of and apparatus for carbureting.



T. D. BOTTOME.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARBURETING.

APPLiCATlON FILED JULY 2. 1913.

1.1 90.71 4. Patented Jul 11, 1910.

5140c mfoz TURNER D. BOTTOME, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARIBURETING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 11, 1916.

Application filed July 2, 1913. Serial No. 776,920.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, TURNER D. BO'I'IOME, a citizen of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Method of and Apparatus for Carbureting, of which the following is a specification.

In carbureting liquid fuels, for the production of explosive mixtures for internal combustion engines, I have found that the carbureting is ordinarily imperfect when the liquid fuel is merely discharged from a nozzle into the air passing such nozzle at low vacuum, as in the ordinary carbureter; and yet this nozzle, by which the fuel is measured, should be near the low vacuum or in-take end of the air passage and between such end and the throttle valve, so that the fuel taken up will vary in proper proportion to the volume of the passing air. This imperfection in carbureting 15 especially the case when low grade fuels are used, and is due, at least in large part, to the failure to divide the fuel into sufiiciently small particles.

It is the object of my invention to increase the fineness of the division of the fuel particles, and in consequence to improve the carbureting of the ail and better the explosive mixture. In accomplishing this, the fuel is first discharged from the fuel nozzle in the air passage in the low vacuum part thereof, or between the in-take end and the throttle valve; and this dis harged fuel, which at its discharge from the fuel nozzle is preferably divided as inely as possible and mixed with at least part of the air to be carbureted, is conducted at high velocity, together with any air which is mixed with it, to a higher vacuum part of the air passage, or on the high vacuum side of the throttle valve, and there discharged through a vaporizer into such passage and into the remainder, if there is any remainder, of the air to be carbureted. This provides an exceedingly fine division of the fuel and a most intimate mixture of the fuel and the air, the division being much finer than is possible with a single atomization into the low vacuum air.

The accompanying drawing illustrates a simple form of carbureter for carrying out my process.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through such carbureter; and Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

The fuel, which may be contained in a suitable bowl 11, is supplied in any suitable manner to a fuel nozzle 12, which is preferably adjustable, as by a needle valve 13 here shown as operated by a knob 14 below the carbureter, to control the size of the fuel passageway. The fuel nozzle 12 is located in a suitable air passage 15, conveniently supplied through openings 16 at the bottom of the carbureter, which air passage may be contracted somewhat aroundthe discharge end of the nozzle 12. An inverted funnel 1G is located in the passage 15 above the fuel nozzle 12, and is connected by a pipe 17 to a vaporizer 18 farther along in the passage 15, a butterfly throttle valve 30 being located in such passage between the inverted funnel 16 and the vaporizer 18. The fuel nozzle 12 is thus on the low vacuum side of the throttle valve, and the vaporizer 18 is on the high vacuum side thereof. This vaporizer 18 has an upper plate 19 through which are a plurality of openings 20 leading to the space 21 within the vaporizer, and this space 21 is connected to the pipe 17 through an opening adjustable by a needle valve 22 operable in any suitable manner, as by a bevelgearing 23 actuated by a knob 24. The passage 15 above the vaporizer 18 leads into a pipe 25 connected to the manifold of the engine, and this pipe 25 may be surrounded by a chamber 26 into which hot exhaust gases from the engine may be conducted by a pipe 27, such exhaust gases escaping from such chamber through a pipe 28. A butterfly valve 29 may be located in the pipe 27.

In operation, the suction of the engine produces a current of air through the passage 15 and the pipe 25, part of this air passing at high velocity through the funnel 16, pipe 17, and vaporizer 18 because save when the butterfly valve 19 is wide open" there is a very considerably greater vacuum above such butterfly valve and at the discharge of the vaporizer 18 than there is below such butterfly valve and at the nozzle 12. This suction, and the resultant low vacuum around the nozzle 12, picks up fuel from such nozzle in a rather coarse state of division, and mixes it with the air going through the funnel 16, pipe 17, and vaporizer 18. The amount of fuel picked up by the air passing the nozzle 12 increases as the vacuum and consequently the flow of air increases around such nozzle. The state of division here referred to as being rather coarse is the same state of division as that produced in the ordinary commercial carbureter, and while it is coarse as compared with the ultimate state of division, it is what is ordinarily called a fine state of division. The fuel in the mixture of this coarsely divided fuel and part of the air passing through the pipe 17 is much more finely divided when at high velocity such mixture strikes the valve 22 and passes through the vaporizer 18 into the pipe 25, where it mixes with the remainder of air passing upward through the passage 15. The amount of this remainder varies as the throttle valve is adjusted. The fuel is now in a very fine state of division, and in consequence is more intimately mixed with and into the air, thereby producing an explosive mixture which acts more quickly and more powerfully. This intimate mixture of air and fuel in the pipe 25 may be heated by the exhaust gases coming from the engine and passing through the chamber 26, thereby further increasing the power of the explosive mixture by lessening the heat required in the engine to bring it to the kindling temperature and by lessening the opportunity for the fuel to condense in the carbureted air on the sides of the pipe 25. The heat produced in the pipe 25 is communicated by conduction along such pipe to the body of the carbureter, thereby assisting in the atomization at the nozzle 15 and the maintenance of the mixture within the funnel 16, pipe 17, and vaporizer 18.

I claim as my invention:

1. The method of carbureting air; which comprises atomizing fuel into a portion of the air to be carbureted, conducting this mixture of the fuel with said portion of the air to an enlarged chamber, and re-atomizing this mixture of air and fuel from such chamber through a contracted orifice into the remainder of the air to be carbureted.

2. The method of carbureting air, Which consists in producing suction through an air passage, dividing the flow of air through a portion of such passage into two, parts, discharging fuel in astate of division into one of such parts of the air, conducting the resultant mixture of fuel and part of the air to an enlarged chamberand then discharging it from such enlarged chamber through a contracted orifice in a finer state of division into the remainder of the air.

3. The method of carbureting air, which comprises discharging fuel into air to be carbureted in a low vacuum part of an air passage, conducting this mixture of air and discharged fuel to an enlarged chamber, and discharging it from said enlarged chamber through a contracted orifice in a fine state of subdivision into the air pas age at a materially higher vacuum part thereof and there mixing it with more air to be carhurcted.

t. A carhurcter. comprising an air pas sageway, a throttle valve in such passageway, a fuel nozzle in such passageway between the in-takc end thereof and such valve, a vaporizer in such passageway be tween the discharge end thereof and such valve, and means for conducting the fuel discharged from said nozzle and part of the air passing through such passageway to the vaporizer by a path separate from the air passageway, said vaporizer having an enlarged chamber into which said path discharges and a contracted orifice forming a discharge outlet from said enlarged chamher to said passageway, and a vaporizer valve controlling the size of the opening between said path and said chamber.

A carburetor, comprising an air passageway, a throttle valve in such passageway, a fuel nozzle in such passageway between the in-take end thereof and such valve, a vaporizer in such passageway be- .tween the discharge end thereof and such valve, and means for conducting the fuel discharged from said nozzle and part of the air passing through such passageway to the vaporizer by a path separate from the air passageway, said vaporizer having an enlarged chamber into which said path discharges and a contracted orifice forming a discharge outlet from said enlarged chamber to said passageway.

6. The method of carbureting air, which comprises discharging fuel into a small portion of the air to be carbureted with such air at comparatively low vacuum, conducting the mixture of air and fuel thus produced to an enlarged chamber, and then discharging such mixture from such chamber through a contracted orifice into the remaining and larger part of the air to be carbureted with such latter air at materially higher vacuum.

7. The method of carbureting air, which comprises discharging fuel into a portion of the air to be carbureted with such air at comparatively low vacuum, and discharging the mixture of air and fuel thus produced through a contracted orifice so that its velocity is increased into the remaining part of the air to be carbureted with such latter air at materially higher vacuum.

8. The method of carbureting air, .Which comprises discharging the fuel in a state of subdivision into a portion of the air to be carbureted, conducting this mixture of air and fuel to an enlarged chamber, discharging such mixture from such chamber through a contracted orifice into the remainder of the air to be carbureted, and

passage, dividing the flow of air through a portion ofsuch.passage'into two parts throttling the flow of one of such parts. disrl'iarging: fuel into the other of such Y parts conducting the mixture of fuel with the secimd part of the air to an enlarged chamber, and discharging such. mixture from such enlarged chamher through a con tracted orilicc into the first part of the air at a point hifvoud u-herc suchiirst part throttlcth i 10. The method of carhureting air, coinprising discharging fuel into a small portion of the air to he carhureted. with such air traveling at a low velocity. collecting: the stream of mixed air and fuel and i-i'mduc-ting it through a passage of rei'lueed size to give increased*relocity. discharging it from said passage. of reduced size at still higher velocity through a contracted orifice into a chamber wherein the air am'lfuel are subje'cted .to a violent turbulence and simultaneously allowed to expand, and then immediately discharging such stream of mixed airand fuel from such rhainbe-r through an orifice. at eomparatively high velocity and finely: atomizing it into the main body of air to he carhureted 11. The method of carhureting air, com prising discharging fuel into a low velocity air stream, collecting, the fuel and a small portion of t he air, strea nand conducting such fuel and small portion'of vair through an ensmalled passage to and atomiziug them 'into a chamber to allow expansion, and then discharging such mixed air and fuel from such chamber through a small orifice in a highly atomized condition into the main hotly of air to he carhureted.

1;. 'lhe method of carhurcting a prising discharging fuel into an ail-stream,

throttling the flow of such air Stlkilll'hligyou! slKh fuel disel'iarge, riinducting such fuel and a small portion'of the air stream through a separate paswage into a chamber.

wherein the fuel and small. portion of air are mixed, and then dischargil'm suclrmiy ture in a finely atomized condition into the remainder of the air stream at a point be yond where such air stream is throttledi In witness whereof, I have hereuntoiset my hand atlndianapolis, Indiana, this 30th day of June, A. D; one thousand ninelmndred and thirteen. v I

TURNER D.- BOTTOME;

Witnesses: 4

Gr. B. SCHLEY, I. :KELLER. 

